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Haemophilia A
Haemophilia A is a genetic deficiency in clotting factor VIII,〔(Merck Manual of Diagnosis and Therapy Home Edition ) Haemophilia〕 which causes increased bleeding and usually affects males. About 70% of the time it is inherited as an X-linked recessive trait, but around 30% of cases arise from spontaneous mutations.
==Genetics==
Haemophilia A is inherited as an X-linked recessive trait, and thus occurs in males and in homozygous females. However, mild haemophilia A (and B) is known to occur in heterozygous females due to X-inactivation, so it is recommended that levels of factor VIII and IX be measured in all known or potential carriers prior to surgery and in the event of clinically significant bleeding.
5-10% of patients with haemophilia A are affected because they make a dysfunctional version of the factor VIII protein (qualitative deficiency), while the remainder are affected because they produced factor VIII in insufficient amounts (quantitative deficiency).〔 Of those who have severe deficiency (defined as <1% activity of factor VIII), 45-50% have the same mutation, an inversion within the factor VIII gene that results in total elimination of protein production.〔 However, since both forms of haemophilia can be caused by a variety of different mutations, initial diagnosis and classification is done by measurement of protein activity rather than by genetic tests, though genetic tests are recommended for testing of family members once a known case of haemophilia B is identified.〔
Approximately 30% of patients have no family history; their disease is presumably caused by new mutations.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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